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Moreover, several studies have revealed an association between genetics, the gut floras metabolites, and the intestinal microbiome, highlighting the influence of the microbiota on the synthesis of non-coding RNA (208, 209)., With the advent of novel mutagenic techniques such as Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR-Cas9), diseases related to the real induction of epigenetic loci at known stress-related DNA locations can be investigated (210, 211)., These advances allow us to focus on specific genes of the brain, and periods with epigenetic regulators to find out whether regulation of epigenetic changes at specific loci causes a distinct mental disorder (212)

To our knowledge, only 2 of the randomized studies have well-documented the efficacy of oral vitamin B12 therapy in term of serum vitamin B12 levels (Table 2) [21,22]

These effects are linked to its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and vascular-promoting properties

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